in the Gal-9 treated mice than in controls. Next, we examined the plasma levels of several cytokines using plasma samples collected at the time of the mice's euthanization. While Gal-9 treatment reduced the levels of IL-33, it did not significantly alter the levels of several pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines systemically (Figure 2C). These data suggest that Gal-9 does not induce levels of cell-associated HIV DNA and RNA by inducing Reversal of HIV latency by Galectin-9 in vivoMohamed Abdel-MohsenFigure 2. Gal-9 treatment does not significantly induce markers of inflammation of T cell activation (A-B) impact of Gal-9 treatment on markers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation and exhaustion (measured by flow cytometry in the blood (A) and spleen (B). (C) Impact of Gal-9 treatment on plasma levels of markers of systemic inflammation measured by multiplex arrays. .at the time of mice euthanization from cohort I). Gal-9 treatment did not significantly induce T cell activation (as measured by the co-expression of CD38 and HLA-DR or the co-expression of CD69 and CD25 activation markers) or exhaustion (as measured by PD-1 expression) in blood (Figure 2A) or tissues (Figure 2B). However, a trend toward an increase in CD8+ T cell expression of CD38 and HLA-DR was observed in the blood (Figure 2A) 100
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