B GalCer, one of the major lipid components of myelin membranes, is biosynthesized by endoplasmic reticulum Cholesterol is an essential component for maintaining the structure and function of biological membranes, and the pathway of its synthesis has already been elucidated completely. The concentration of cholesterol (Chol) in the biological membrane is thought to be tightly regulated in response to the organelle function of the cell. On the cell biological membrane, Chol associates with glycosphingolipids (GSLs) to form small lipid domains, so-called lipid rafts, which Figure 1. Promiscuity of GBA enzymes generates cholesterol modified with hexoseA In the brain, not only GlcChol but also galactose-modified cholesterol (GalChol) is present in rat adult brain. play an important role in cell-cell interaction, intracellular vesicle trafficking and interaction, and the transmission and reception of intracellular and extracellular information. The discovery of phosphatidylglucoside, biologically active lipid component in the nervous system1,2), has prompted us to study the whole picture of glycosylated lipids in the brain. As a result, we found that glucosylated Chol is present in the fraction of cerebroside (GalCer), which is a major glial HILIC-LC system can clearly separate two glycosylated cholesterol metabolites. (ER)-localized UGT8 (GalCer synthase). UGT8 has no activity to cholesterol. In vivo GBA2 is essential for GalChol synthesis, and the presence of GalChol coincides with myelin formation.80Glycolipids generated by metabolic crosstalk between sphingolipid and sterolYoshio HirabayashiRiken Cluster for Pioneering Research and Juntendo University, Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine
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